Systems of Information

Systems of Information

Information can be understood as the perception of something observed. Within a data processing framework, information arises as a result of the ability to organize and classify this data.

The human brain has natural structures that facilitate the absorption of data, such as the eye, which collects visual data, the nose, which captures olfactory data, and the ears, responsible for auditory data.

Those data are processed as information, absorbed, and stored as knowledge, to then be worked on as intelligence.

Information in an organization

When we expand these data processing functions to an organization (company or entity), we deal with a large volume of data. This leads to the need for a system composed of PEOPLE, PROCESSES, and TECHNOLOGY capable of producing useful results with the information obtained, or an Information System (IS).

THE LEVELS OF NEGENTROPY AND THEIR SYSTEMS

One of the important criteria for the application of an information system is the organization of people involved in work into hierarchical levels of functions, or negentropy.

Usually, this can be done by separating them into three levels:

1 - Strategic,

2 - Managerial

3 - Operational.

STRATEGIC

• Executive Information Systems (EIS): Provide specific information for the managerial levels of the organization, aiding in performance analysis and decision-making.
  

• Executive Information Systems (EIS): Provide summarized and strategic information for top management, assisting in strategy formulation and long-term decision-making.
  

• Decision Support Systems (DSS): Offer analysis and simulation tools to assist in making complex and non-routine decisions.
  

MANAGERIAL

• Decision Support System (DSS): A Decision Support System (DSS) is an information system designed to help managers and professionals make informed decisions, especially in complex and non-routine situations.

• Management Information System (MIS): A Management Information System (MIS) is an information system that collects, processes, and transforms data into useful information for the management of an organization. These systems are designed to support tactical and operational decisions, offering a comprehensive and integrated view of organizational operations.

• Management Information Systems (MIS): Collect, process, and transform data into useful information for middle management in the organization, supporting tactical and short-term decisions.

OPERATIONAL

• Tactical Planning Systems (SPT): Assist in the planning and control of medium-term activities, integrating managerial information for decision-making.

• Transaction Processing Systems (TPS): Responsible for processing daily and routine transactions of the organization, such as sales, purchases, and payments.

• Office Automation Systems (OA): Support daily office activities and administrative tasks, such as word processing, spreadsheets, and emails.

• Operational Support Information Systems (OSIS): Provide support for day-to-day operations, ensuring efficiency and control in operational activities.

SISTEMAS DE INFORMAÇÃO E ENGENHARIA CIVIL

In today's context, a construction project is understood as the final phase of a real estate process involving the execution of a project.

In this sense, many civil construction services function as decision support to resolve potential conflicts of interest. For example, the use of topography and soil investigation helps to understand all aspects related to boundaries and construction costs associated with the development.

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